Kastoria as a city has been on the map at least since the 6th century. However, it took its name at the end of the 10th century and it is said that it comes from beavers. Kastoria is believed to have an ancient origin. It has been identified with the ancient city of Keletron, probably located on a hill above the present location of the city, and was occupied by the Romans in 200 BC. The history of Kastoria was peaceful until the 10th century, when its strategic position led to a dispute between the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire. Around 1385, the Ottoman Empire occupied Kastoria and held it until the First Balkan War, in 1912, when Greece occupied it. Both during the Second World War and the Greek Civil War, the city suffered repeated battles, which resulted in serious damage. In late March 1944, under Nazi German occupation during World War II, 763 Kastorian Jews were captured by Nazi troops and sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau.